One of the primary objectives of DOT is to identify and classify hazardous materials to ensure their safe transport in commerce. These materials encompass a wide range of items and chemicals, all of which have the potential to pose risks to public safety and the environment. The DOT categorizes hazardous materials into several distinct hazard classes, each with its unique characteristics and potential dangers.

Gases are among the hazard classes, encompassing materials that can exist in gaseous states and may pose flammability or toxicity risks. Flammable and combustible liquids are another category, comprising liquids that can ignite or burn when exposed to a heat source. Flammable solids, as defined by DOT, include materials that may initiate fires through friction, such as matches. Pyrophoric materials, on the other hand, can spontaneously ignite without an external ignition source, exemplifying the unpredictability of some hazardous materials.

Oxidizing substances and organic peroxides are substances that can release oxygen, potentially intensifying fires, while toxic substances and infectious substances encompass materials that can harm human health or spread diseases. Radioactive materials are another critical category, as they emit radiation and require stringent safety measures during transport. Corrosives are materials that can cause damage to living tissue or materials upon contact, posing their unique risks.

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